franta

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The French language is derived from Vulgar Latin and heavily influenced principally by Celtic and Frankish.

Beginning in the 1 1 th century, literature written in medieval French was one of the oldest non-Latin literatures in Western Europe and it became a source of literary themes in the Middle-Ages across the continent.

Literature in France in the 16th century underwent a major creative evolution, and French literature came to dominate European letters in the 17th century.

In the 18th century, French became the literary lingua franca and diplomatic language of Western Europe (and, to a certain degree, in America), and French letters have had a profound impact on all European and American literary traditions while influenced by other national traditions.

French literary developments of the 19th and 20th centuries have had a particularly strong effect on modern world literature, including: symbolism, naturalism, the "roman-fleuves" of Balzac, Zola and Proust, surrealism, existentialism, and the "theater of the absurd".

French imperialism and colonialism in the Americas, Africa and the Far East have brought the French language to non-European cultures that are today using, transforming, and adding to the French literary experience.

The French have come to have a profound attachment to their literary heritage. Today, French schooling emphasizes learning about novels, theatre and poetry (often learnt by heart); the literary arts are heavily sponsored by the state; literary prizes are major news; the Academie francaise and the Institut de France are important linguistic and artistic institutions in France; French television features shows on writers and poets. Literature is something which matters deeply to the people of France and which plays an important role in their own sense of identity.

Besides literature written in the French language, the literary culture of France may include literature written in other languages of France.

Frederic Mistral, a poet in the Provencal language (1830-1914), was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1904. But other parts of France also have very rich literature.


Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850)	Emile Zola (1840-1902)	Marcel Proust